System
A system is an assortment of software and hardware that, from physical or digital input, creates an output that is intended and useful to you. For a system to work you first need an input, then for the system to process the information, then for you to get the output. If a system has no output it is useless.
Reliability
Reliability is the measurement for how much faith and trust you have in a system working. If a system you use will work without fail it is reliable however if your system has a chance of breaking then it isn't reliable, however reliability cannot be guaranteed. This can be extremely dangerous as some systems (like in aeroplanes) could result in death if they aren't reliable.
In most systems reliability is important (you don't want your pc to crash whole doing something) however in some systems that we rely on every day reliability is one of the most vital components. For example on a rocket if the computer failed everyone
Input> Process> Output
Embedded Systems
An embedded system is a computerised system, usually within a larger device that has a specific set of functions or tasks. This could be anything from temperature control in a washing machine to air bags, abs or traction control in a car. Embedded systems are useful because they have low power, low cost and can still have a sophisticated functionality.
Regulations and Data Protection
Regulations exist to protect your identity from being stolen, for example in 2010 in fewer than 6 months $900,000 of one mans debit card was taken out of his account after they put keystroke malware on his computer. "It was nasty," he said, admitting that he even contemplated suicide. "I just couldn't take it. I didn't feel like a man anymore. I was violated and I didn't know what to do."
The data protection act contain eight principles that say data must be:
1. Processed fairly and lawfully.
2. Obtained for specified and lawful purposes.
3. Adequate, relevant and not excessive.
4. Accurate and up to date.
5. Not kept any longer than necessary.
6. Processed in accordance with the “data subject’s” (the individual’s) rights.
7. Securely kept.
8. Not transferred to any other country without adequate protection.
The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act says that you cannot take things (like music, films and software) without their permission. 95% of music downloaded online is illegal; 42% of software in the world is illegal; the three most downloaded programs illegally are Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft office and Nero 9; 91% of files on Cyberlockers like Megaupload, Rapidshare and Mediafire are copyrighted material; 2/3rds of bit torrents online are copyrighted material.
http://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-rise-of-identity-theft-one-mans-nightmare-2010-02-10
http://dataprotectionact.org/1.html
http://www.infographicsarchive.com/interesting-facts/online-piracy-in-numbers-facts-and-statistics/
Kernel
A kernel is the lowest level in an operating system. It controls the hardware. It manages the inputs and outputs of the operating system. It is also responsible for the management of the hardware like the memory.
Binary Logic
In a Not gate the output is the opposite of the input.
In an OR gate you will always get an output of 1 unless both inputs are 0.
Binary is a number system using only ones and zeros. One being ON and zero being OFF. These systems also use logic gates. These are used to manipulate the signals.
